Across all ethnic groups, the majority of defendants dealt with at Crown Court are represented at their first hearing, ranging from 91% to 94% across ethnic groups in 2020. , Data are self-declared from Home Office, as at March 2021, some small discrepancies may result from revisions of data for previous years compared to figures here. Ethnicity refers to an identity based on belonging to a group defined by common cultural or national traditions. Similarly, just over half (53%) of adults arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 15% of adults arrested in the rest of England and Wales. (FBI Table 21 Arrests by Race and Ethnicity, 2016 / archive) 2016 FBI Violent Crime Statistics National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. , Ethnicity was recorded for 85.7% of community orders and 87.6% of suspended sentence orders commenced in 2020. Our Business & Enterprise Products. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. Cases where ethnicity was not known have not been included in this commentary. Figure 8.03: Sentencing outcomes for possession of weapons offences, by ethnicity, 2020. , Excluding unknown link and unknown whether article found, No further action includes a wide range of scenarios, such as where words of advice would be given, or an individual is detained under section 136 of the Mental Health act. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. In the latest year, the Other ethnicity for children had the highest average number of reoffences per reoffender at 4.5, followed by White (4.1), Black (3.5), and Asian (3.4) average number of reoffences. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). Further information on the following topics related to offender management are available online: Safety in Custody, Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning. Despite this, only 49% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups felt that they had been kept safe from the virus, in comparison to 65% of White prisoners. For this reason, comparisons over time for the Asian and Other ethnic group should be made with caution. , Court Orders can contain more than one requirement. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups, how outcomes vary between groups and how this has changed over time. The proportion of White children remanded at Crown Court has been increasing over the last 5 years from 26% in 2016 to 45% in 2020, converging with the proportion of children remanded in custody from minority ethnic groups. Following prosecution (which can include being sent to Crown Court), defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. The CSEW is a large nationally representative survey that asks people about their experience as a victim of a crime in the previous 12 months. For indictable offences, ethnic minority groups accounted for a higher proportion of male prosecutions and convictions compared to females. Across the past 5 years, White defendants consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, followed by defendants of the Mixed ethnic group at 73%, Chinese or Other ethnic groups at 72%, Asian at 68% and Black defendants at 66%. ACSL for possession of weapons offences decreased between 2016 and 2020 for all ethnic groups except Mixed, decreasing the largest for Asian and Black offenders. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or in custody. , Persistent absence is when a pupil enrolments overall absence equates to 10 per cent or more of their possible sessions. there were 697,405 stop and searches in England and Wales between April 2020 and March 2021, a rate of 12.4 per 1,000 people. , Ethnicity was known for 99.29% of prisoners in England and Wales on 30th June 2020. Mixed ethnicity suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches in which the outcome was linked (25%) compared to all other ethnic groups, these ranged from 21% to 22%. , Further custody rate figures can be found here: Criminal justice system statistics quarterly: December 2020 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk), The overall increase in ACSL may be due to a change in sentencing guidelines. However, as in previous reports, in order to present as full a picture as possible we have also included some statistics that do not have this badging where National Statistics are not held on important or new topics. The greatest difference was observed in the Asian ethnic group, where controlling for offence mix resulted in a 19% decrease in ACSL, from 28.6 to 23.1 months. , Data for stop and searches is published by Home Office in Stop and search open data tables, Stop and searches under s60 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 accounted for approximately 1% of all stop and searches (s1 and s60) in the latest year. This was a higher proportion than any other ethnic group, for example, only 10% of arrests of White suspects were for drug offences. Not all agencies provide ethnicity data; therefore, the race and ethnicity totals will not equal. The total number of stop and searches, where ethnicity was known, increased between 2017/18 (266,000) and 2020/21 (557,000). The ACSL for possession of weapon offences fell between 2016 and 2020 across all ethnic groups, except for the Mixed ethnic group . Those where ethnicity was not known/recorded are not included in this commentary. Government data about the UK's different ethnic groups. Victims were able to identify the race or ethnicity of their assailants in 86% of violent crimes. The equivalent proportion for White defendants was 27%. Figure 6.05: Requirements commenced under community orders and suspended sentence orders by ethnicity and requirement, England and Wales, 2020. The lower ACSL for White defendants may be a result of a higher percentage of guilty plea rates for this ethnic group, resulting in shorter custodial sentences. * Production, supply, intent to supply (Class A) This is especially apparent when comparing to the ethnic breakdown of the population of England and Wales[footnote 1]. The data for this section is available in the Arrests open data tables published by Home Office. On the basis of self-report studies, Graham and Bowling (1995) concluded that people from certain ethnic backgrounds like Black (43%) and White (44%) had similar crime rates, whereas others like Asians had comparatively lower crime rates - Indians (30%), Pakistanis (28%), and Bangladeshis (13%). As reported in other research, the young people used ideas about origin, race and ethnicity in loose and shifting ways (Back; Butcher). Figure 7.02: Average custodial sentence lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences, by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020, Figure 7.03: Age of defendant proceeded against at court for indictable offences by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. Over the past five years, concordance rates[footnote 40] for immediate custodial sentences across all ethnic groups (excluding Missing/Not Stated) increased from 73% in 2016 to 90% in 2018, followed by a small decrease to 87% in 2020. In 2020, the proportion remanded in custody was higher for Chinese or Other (51%), Black (49%) and Mixed (47%) defendants compared to Asian (41%) and White (40%) defendants. Figure 8.01: Comparison of ACSL before and after controlling for offence mix, all indictable offences, 2020, England and Wales. Controlling for offence mix across ethnic groups showed reduced disparity in Average Custodial Sentence Lengths and Custody Rates. , Self-declared from HR records reported table 3_1_JO_Appt in the Judicial Diversity Statistics, 2021 publication, the quoted figure covers all court judges; Judicial Diversity Statistics 2017. Criminal legal aid consists of legal advice and representation provided to people being investigated or charged with a criminal offence. This section focusses on disaggregating the outcomes that are a result of a professional judgement (i.e. Sentencing outcomes across ethnic groups are heavily influenced by the offence mix; a major factor in determining sentencing outcomes. The overall custody rate for drug offences has increased from 21% in 2016 to 25% in 2020. High proportions of prisoners from all ethnic groups reported that they knew what the COVID restrictions were in the prison and that reasons for restrictions had been explained to them. Black and minority ethnic (BAME) households in the UK are over twice as likely to live in poverty as their white counterparts . As such, the homicide data in this chapter will not be related to population numbers[footnote 16]. A larger proportion of arrests in London were for suspects from minority ethnic groups, at 55%, compared to 16% across the rest of England and Wales. In 2020/21, 77% of stop and searches conducted on individuals from the Asian ethnic group were for drugs, compared to 67 to 68% of all other ethnic groups. Where differences are not referred to as being statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. To meet these commitments, all of our statistical publications will: Ensure that the need for major revisions for any series are pre-announced on the Ministry of Justice website. in all age groups, Asian people were more likely to fear crime than White people. Around 34% of all Black homicide victims were aged between 15 and 20. As shown in Figure 5, the trend had increased since 2016 and stopped in 2020. Where changes to data systems or data quality issues do not allow for this, trends have been presented for the longest periods possible. Arrest rate in England and Wales 2006-2022, by ethnicity. The total number of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) decreased by 21% between 2016/17 and 2020/21; this decrease was relatively consistent across most ethnic groups. Thank you for your request. You can change your cookie settings at any time. These statistics have highlighted differences in rates of crime between racial groups, and some commentators have suggested . During this three-year period, 38% of Black homicide victims were of age 20 or younger; 13% of White, 24% of Asian and 33% of Other ethnicity homicide victims were in this age group. For example, the proportion of Black and Asian young offenders sentenced to 12 months custody or less, achieving any pass at GCSE, was 64% and 71% respectively, significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders, at 53%. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). In 2020, 45% of all defendants prosecuted for drug offences at Crown Court were remanded in custody . , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. they believe them to be a realistic or truthful picture of crime in the UK) and have constructed sociological theories explaining why particular groups (e.g. You have a 1 in 60.4 chance of being the victim of a violent crime in Cleveland each year. Where possible, this report takes into consideration the recommendations of the Lammy Review (a 2017 independent review into the treatment of, and outcomes for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic individuals in the criminal justice system). Guilty plea rate (GPR) has increased across all ethnic groups across the past 5 years, showing a sharp rise since 2018. 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